Many of the world's countries have reached or are approaching zero population growth (ZPG) .Nearly all such lands are economically well developed.They include much of Europe(including Russia)，the United States，Canada，Japan.and Australia.As the rate of natural increase(RNI)declines，two things happen.First，the population begins to decline if the loss is not balanced by immigration.Second，a country's population ages because there are fewer births.

       Is achieving ZPG good or bad? What happens when a country's population begins to drop? Many people，after all，believe that population decline is a good thing.But is it good for everyone? Does everyone agree?

      An aging population can create many problems.Senior citizens require more health care and medical attention.Rather than paying into retirement programs，they begin to draw from their pensions.In the US，the Social Security program，according to many experts，will be used up by 2018.It will pay out more money than it takes in.Additionally, a great number of jobs go begging in search of people willing or entry level positions that pay low wages. Many of these jobs are aging population. Who will fill them? At the other extreme，some positions require a large number of training and highly specialized skills.Who will fill these positions as retirees leave the workforce?

      The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple：increased migration.Today many people，particularly those from less developed countries，are migrating in search of employment.Many are willing to take jobs that cannot(or will not) be filled by the_domestic_population.Others are well educated and highly skilled.Both groups contribute to a country's economy progress in many ways.Further, they add to the richness of a country's culture.Of greatest importance，perhaps，is the fact that they have become absolutely necessary to the economy of many lands.As you can see，for many countries and for most immigrants，migration is a win－win situation.

Having good etiquette (礼节) at the workplace is very important to be a favorite in an office.However，it's observed that many people aren't aware of the workplace etiquette and this creates a very bad impression in the office.So it's important to know some workplace etiquette tips.

Among all the workplace etiquette guidelines，the most important is to be punctual to your office.Though going late due to an emergency is okay，habitual late comers are never appreciated in any organization.By arriving at your office on time，you show that you're aware of your responsibilities and have respect for the organization.In case you feel that you would be late，call the concerned authority and report the matter to him or her.

         Also，a proper knowledge of the workplace email etiquette is a must.In the official emails，you need to mention the subject concisely，while at the same time include all the important details which are to be shared.You should use good and grammatically correct language while writing emails.

A knowledge of telephone etiquette in the workplace is very important as well.While talking on the telephone，be polite and listen to what they're saying carefully.Only then should you say what you feel.Speak in a voice which would be heard clearly at the other end.

The workplace guidelines are important even while you're dining or celebrating with your coworkers.If you get a call in between，receive it after you're permitted by the others by saying “excuse me”．Don't talk loudly while eating.Greet people well and try to make them feel comfortable while being in your company.

        These guidelines will help you become the best employee of a company.All the best!

Itwas the old lady's birthday.She got up early to be ready for the post.From thesecond floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street，and a little boy，Johnnie，1herletters from the ground floor on the rare2when anything came.

Todayshe was sure there would be something.Myra3forget her mother'sbirthday，evenif she4wrote at other times.Of course Myra was busy，but？5 ， Enid，thedaughter the old lady loved most，diedtwo years ago.Since then Myra had been to see her mother three times，but her husband，Harold，never.

      Theold lady was eighty today.She had put on her best dress.Perhaps­perhaps Myramight come.After all，eightywas a6birthday，anotherdecade lined or tolerated just as you chose to look at it.7Myra didnot come，shewould send a present.The old lady was8of that.Two spots of colour9hercheeks.She was10like a child.Shewould enjoy her day!

Now，she stood by the window，11.The postman turned roundthe corner on his bicycle.Her heart beat12.Johnnie had seen him tooand ran to the gate.Then clatter (咔嗒声)，clatter up the stairs.Johnnie knockedat her door.He had got her postfour envelopes.Three were unclosed cards fromold friends.The fourth was closed，inMyra's writing.The old lady felt a sharp pain of13.There was noparcel for her！Maybethe parcel was too large to come by letter post.That was it.It would come laterby parcel post.She said to herself.She must be14.

       Almost15shetore the envelope open.16in the card was a piece of paper.Written onthe card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday­Buy yourself somethingnice with the17 ， Myraand Harold.The cheque moved quickly to and for in the air to the floor like abird with a broken wing.Slowly the old lady18to pick it up.Herpresent！Her19present！With20fingers she tore itinto little bits.