In an ideal world，people would not test medicines on animals. Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals，and expensive and time－consuming for people. Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge. That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.

       Europe，on the whole，has the world's most restrictive(严格的) laws on animal experiments. Even so，its scientists use some 12 million animals a year，most of them mice and rats，for medical research. Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that is misleading. The American authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and，as these are the most common laboratory animals，the true figure is much higher. Japan and China have even less comprehensive(全面的) data than America.

        Now Europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs. Alternatives to animal testing，such as using human tissue or computer models，are now strongly recommended. In addition，sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use. At present，scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. If their findings do not fit the hypothesis(假设) being tested，the work never sees the light of day. This practice means wasting time，money，and animals' lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.

        Animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives. It needs to continue，even if that means animals sometimes suffer. Europe's new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is conducted.

        The relationship between parents and teachers is important in the development of a child. The good communication between them is communication that says, “I care about my child, and I value school. ” The best way a parent can show how much he or she values learning is by sending a prepared child to school everyday.  Once a child gets behind in class, catching up can be difficult.

        Parents and teachers are partners in student development. A school community is built on relationships established among children, teachers and children's families.

        Here are tips for creating a positive relationship with your child's teacher.

        Meet with your child's teacher in the fall.—his or her special needs, outside activities, health, and home study habits.

        Look for the positive. Share with your child's teacher something you particularly appreciated regarding the teacher's role in the academic and/or social development of your child.

        Letthe teacher know that you want to support the work that is being done in class.Ask for suggestions for expanding school activities into home activities.

   You can send a note of  thanks when something special takes place in the classroom and your child is involved.

Bewilling to participate in or set up a conference when you or your child's teacher feels a special meeting is needed, such as...

·

·Your child seems to be deeply upset about something that happened at school.

A．When a child is absent from school,important lessons may be missed.

B．Phone your child's teacher ifnecessary.

C．The teachers need to feel appreciatedfor the job they do.

D．This is a good time for the teacher tolearn more about your child.

E．Express your appreciation to theteacher.

F．The beginning of every term is veryimportant.

G．There is a dramatic drop in yourchild's grades.

—Sorry, my son, but only the grown­ups are________into the cinema.

—He is patient________others and________hardships.