Culture Shock

    Culture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, uncertainty, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign country.

    Generally speaking, we could say that there are four stages of culture shock. The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place.

    The next stage is “the hostility(敌意)stage”. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was.  Moreover, people don't treat you like a guest anymore.

    Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start to feel more positive.  The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.

    The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good.  The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable.

    Not all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages. 

     It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e.g., from high school to college).

A. You feel that friends should help each other to deal with culture shock.

B. And you try to develop comprehension of everything you don't understand.

C. In addition, culture shock is not limited to the overseas visitor.

D. You become tired of many things about the new culture.

E. You have learned enough to understand the new culture.

F. You begin to understand you need to travel a lot.

G. And everything seems to be marvelous and everybody seems to be so nice to you.

    Annie, my neighbor's daughter, was away for her first term at college this year. She is a very sweet girl but just a bit shy. When her birthday month 1, I found out she was feeling a bit blue and 2.

    Her family is quite 3 and finances are tight, so there wouldn't be any birthday visitors.

    I wanted to send her a card and maybe a small gift to 4 her up. I got her school address from her mom and planned to 5 send her something. Then I got a(n) 6!  I thought perhaps I could give her a big 7. I bought some balloons, birthday hats and other small novelties (新奇玩意) at a one-dollar 8.  I took a small 9 and asked three other people in my area to sing Happy Birthday and send some birthday 10 to her. Other people found out 11 we were doing and added their voices, 12 it really sounded like we had a party 13 .

    Then I bought her a small present and a card as 14 originally. The real fun was 15 it to be sent. I arranged everything specially so it was like opening a birthday present!

    At the last minute, I added a pack of small cakes and a box of birthday 16 before sending it off. 

    I got a call a few days later. Annie said her roommate and one of her neighbors in her school got together with her and held the party for her once it arrived. She sounded so 17 and I was so glad that she had some friends to 18 her special day with her.

    It was such an easy and fun thing to do. The people who helped me make the tape still laughed and talked about the 19 experience. And Annie told me it was the most fun birthday she can 20!

结合语境，根据首字母提示用单词的适当形式填空。

    the writer called up her mother in the countryside on the phone，she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes seemed (make) home near their house. The writer felt proud and considered a chance for her to distinguish by inventing something would catch snakes but not harm them. She set about (research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be (easy) caught. However，her first two plans were not successful. As a result，she had to attempt third time，which helped her fulfill her aim successfully. She was delighted that she was determined to send her (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.

    Sometimes in your life, you may be asked to speak in front of a large group of people．Although it sounds a little scary, even those with stage fright can speak successfully to the group with adequate preparation．

    ⒈Practice your speech before the big day．If possible, practice the speech in front of a friend or family member to get used to saying it to real people．If you feel you must have note cards, limit the amount to about three cards．This will force you to keep your speech concise and help you keep your eyes focused on your audience．

    ⒉Remember why you've been invited to speak．If you're battling fear over speaking to a large group of people, keep your mind on the fact that you were selected for this important role．The speech organizers must have seen something valuable in you or your expertise

    ⒊Remember that fear of public speaking is very common.

Most of the people in the audience would be feeling the same fear and stress that you do in your position．Knowing this may make you feel better．

    ⒋What you say should be tailored to why you're there and who you're speaking to in order to avoid sounding general．If speaking to a charity group, mention the good work certain specific individuals have done for the cause．If speaking at a business conference, briefly state why you want to help these people．

    ⒌Keep eye contact with the crowd．Pick one person in each section and look at him while you're speaking．After each important point in your speech, switch your focus to another section．When you focus only on one person at a time, the size of the crowd isn't as frightening．

A．A good memory is really helpful．

B．Show appreciation to your audience．

C．Mention your audience in your speech．

D．The more you have it memorized, the better．

E．In fact, it's normal to feel nervous or stressed out before a big speech．

F．Separate the crowd into three sections mentally as you get up to speak．

G. The knowledge of other people's respect for you should reduce some of the fear．

结合语境，根据汉语提示用单词的适当形式填空。

阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

    Human beings are the most intelligent of all animals because we are gifted with the ability to think and reason logically. Scientists and even common people with special intelligence have made a lot of inventions and contributions to modern lifestyle in the past. “Houses” have been the most popular area for discoveries and inventions in the past and even now.

    Many household items have been the result of inventions of people who desired better functioning of the existent products. Every individual has intelligence and if it is used properly for the right purpose it leads to invention of a new tool or device. Many new household inventions are made almost every day and there are specific companies, which particularly keep a record of all these inventions.

    A lot of inventions have been made recently in the household field. These products are patented(专利的) and have trade mark licenses. The patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long. Vanity PC is a type of computer furniture that specifically hides all the computer wires and keeps a clean and good look. All the outdoor dust, mud and snow can be kept out of the house by installing(安装) the dirt drain(排水管) at the entrance of the door. Another important invention is the automatic toilet night-light, in which a small light starts when the lid of the toilet seat is opened and closes as soon as the lid is closed.

    These are some of the new household inventions invented mostly by common people. Thus, a variety of new household items are invented every day, which helps in a better functioning of household chores and in a more useful manner.