When  policy experts debate climate change solutions, they often talk about “a priceon carbon”. Theyare (argue) about whether companies should pay when they put carbonpollution in the air.Carbon pollution, like every other from of pollution,(have) an impact on the environment. (throw) waste into a river willcause the fish to die and the people drink the water to get sick.And whenyou produce carbon pollution, you get climate change—sea level rise, strongerstorms, severe droughts damage to agriculture, and more.All of those impactscost money.Insurance rates go up when storms get more (destruction)．Taxes increase when cities have torebuild bridges and roads.Military budgets go up when droughts and population(change) cause conflict, not to mention impacts on agriculture and healthcare costs.In other words, the price on carbon is we all pay when there isno market force (limit) the pollution that causes climate change.So thedebate is (real) about who will pay that price— companies which aremaking a profit from the fossil fuels, or the taxpayers who pick up the costnow?

       Controlling traffic is a complex and high cost problem in many developed countries.It becomes more difficult and costly with the ever－increasing number of cars on the roads.But scientists and students at the CATT, at the University of Maryland are working to solve this problem.They are using simulation(模拟) technologies to help government and private business control and react to changing traffic conditions.

        The online economics magazine Forbes.com says traffic congestion(拥挤) cost Americans $ 124 billion in 2014 and that number could rise to $ 186 billion by 2030.

         But scientists at the CATT lab are trying to reduce those costs.They are developing a system that helps traffic managers, planners, emergency workers and businesses plan and react better.Michael Pack is CATT director.He says the system is important to help emergency workers, or first responders reach an accident area faster.

       The CATT Lab collects information from many sources, including roadside devices, GPS (global positioning system) equipment and wireless phones.

       About 60 students and 30 software developers observe traffic flow and manage the computer servers at all times.They also work to develop software and applications that can help traffic run smoother and safer, Some of them turn the information gathered into so－called “visualizations”．These visual representations help emergency workers better understand what is happening.

       The center shares its findings with firefighters, police, transportation departments and the military.They also share information with universities and transportation companies.The technology company Google uses the data for its traffic－related websites.Michael Pack says, the information is then shared with anyone who wants to help traffic run more smoothly.

       Mr.Pack says the goal is to help develop an intelligent system of road signals that will communicate with each other and with vehicles on the road.

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

    I grew up in Westley, California. After graduating with high school. I went to Beijing and started teaching in a kindergarten. I had never been to a city big as Beijing before. I fall in love with Chinese food. I would eat out at the different restaurant every night and practice my Chinese with local citizen. I suppose the air was clean back home, but my life in China was much more interesting. My most favorite part about living in Beijing was nothing that many other foreigners didn't like at all—the noise. I loved walking outside my door and hear the sounds of city life. Therefore, I'm back in Westley now, and all I hear is silence. I definitely miss Beijing.

             Whatwe consider polite at home isn't always accepted outside our borders. Don't beregarded rude or disrespectful on your travels.

Giftgiving should be a happy, positive experience. Giving sharp, pointyobjects as gifts is considered unlucky. Be careful when presenting flowers inRussia. Yellow flowers suggest cheat or a relationship breakup. Writing cards or notes while visiting South Korea, be mindful of   
           of your pen's inkcolor. Writing a person's name in red ink traditionally suggests that theperson has passed away.

If you are invited over to someone's home for a meal, it's recommended that youarrive 10 to 15 minutes later than the requested time.When having a meal inEgypt, don't use the saltshaker (调味瓶)．Spreading salt on your food means youfind the meal terrible.Japan is a very polite nation, and their politenessextends to the mealtime use of chopsticks.It's considered ill－mannered to point or play with foodwith chopsticks. Using the end that touches your mouth isextremely offensive (冒犯的),not to mention unhygienic (不卫生的)．

       The day before Mother's Day this year，police received a call from Doris，a heavy－hearted wife.Her husband Melvyn，who suffers Alzheimer's disease，hadgone 1 from the Little Rock，Arkansashome.

      Police found Melvyn two blocks from their home，unableto tell officers where he2. However，asto where he was going，hewasn't 3：he was buying his 4 flowers for Mother's Day，as he had every year since she gave birth to their first child.

Melvyn's condition has been slowly 5 since he was diagnosed with the disease three years ago.His wife has become her husband's carer，watching 6 as the crueldisease 7 her husband's memories and personality away from him.

        Officers intended to take the elderly man straight home—but Melvyn was having 8of that.“He was pretty9.”Officer Troy told CBS，“he wasn't going home 10 he got those flowers.”So the officers decided to lend him a 11 ， secretly stopping in at a local supermarket and helping him 12 a bunch of beautiful cream－colored roses.“I didn't have a 13；we had to get those flowers，”Officer Troy says.The 14officers even secretly slipped the cashier some extra cash when Melvyn couldn't15 the bill.

Doriswas 16 when she saw her husband of 60 years walking up their front stairs in the company of the police officers，buther relief turned to17 when he presented her with the flowers.

     “As he came up those steps，andI saw those roses and the smile on his face，I was touched 18 ， ”Donstold CBS，“I just said，thank you，thank you，because I saw his 19.”

“It's special，because even though his mind doesn't remember everything，hisheart 20.”

      Opened in 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first long－span bridge to carry motor traffic, and it quickly became the model for the great suspension bridges of the following century. Spanning New York's East River, it provided the first traffic artery between Manhattan Island and Brooklyn. Before that, the only transportation was by ferries, which were slow and could be dangerous in winter.

      The construction of a bridge over the East River had been discussed since the early 19th century, but the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 deflected all consideration of the project. When the war ended in 1865, the bridge became an important issue once more. In 1867, the New York State passed an act setting up the New York Bridge Company for the purpose of constructing a bridge between Manhattan Island and Brooklyn.

      John Augustus Roebling was chosen to design the bridge. Born in Germany in 1806, he held aggressive views as a student and was listed by the German police as a dangerous figure. He emigrated to America in 1830 to escape political discrimination.

      Roebling proposed a bridge with a span of 1,500 feet (465 m), with two towers in the East River serving as the main piers. The bridge that was actually built is longer—1,597 feet (486 m), the longest suspension bridge at that time.

     With online courses, anyone can gain knowledge in any field of interest for free.All you need is a computer, laptop or Smartphone, internet connection and a self－made schedule.You can even get a certificate on completing the course.

     Udemy

     Its goal is to promote the world of education by enabling anyone to learn online.It seeks to dramatically change education by inviting millions of experts worldwide to teach and share what they know.Whether you want to learn excel, business, academics, the arts, health, music or technology, there is a comprehensive course for you.See more at https：//udemy.com

    iTunes U

    If you're a student who uses Apple devices, you will be happy to know that you have access to iTunes U, which gives you access to different educational courses from all leading universities for free! Did you dream of studying at MIT, Oxford, Yale, or Cambridge? This is your chance to learn various subjects from the best colleges and universities in the world.Learn more at https：//iTunesU.com

     Skillfeed

    If you are looking to learning a new skill, or improving on your skills in Photoshop, or HTML, it offers unlimited access to high－quality video courses from a worldwide community of instructors.You have a month's free trial, after which you will pay a monthly fee to gain unlimited access to all courses.See more at https：//skillfeed.com

     Academic Earth

     It has linked to over 750 online courses and 8,500 individual online lectures, giving students of all ages access to college courses they may otherwise never experience.Whether learning existing coursework, or learning for the sake of learning, anyone has the freedom to learn at their own pace from world－famous experts, without being charged more.Learn more at http：//academicearth.com

     UC Berkeley

     It offers courses in bioengineering, Japanese, legal studies and public health.Since they are recordings of actual lectures, they lack lecture notes and extra materials.However, each course has audio recordings of lectures via iTunes or video recordings of lectures via YouTube.Learn more at https：//ucberkeley.com 

       One day, a college student was taking a walk with a professor.As they went along, they saw lying in the path a pair of old shoes.They supposed the shoes belonged to a poor man who was employed in a field close by, and who had nearly finished his day's work.

      The student turned to the professor, saying, “ Let us play the man a trick: we will hide his shoes, and hide ourselves behind those bushes, and wait to see his confusion when he cannot find them”．

    “My young friend，” answered the professor, “we should never amuse ourselves at the expense of the poor.But you are rich, and may give yourself a much greater pleasure by tricking on the poor man.Put a coin into each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch how the discovery affects him.”

       The student did so, and they both placed themselves behind the bushes close by.The poor man soon finished his work, and came across the field to the path where he had left his coat and shoes.After he slipped his foot into one of his shoes, he felt something hard.He bent down to feel what it was, and found the coin.Astonishment and wonder were seen on his face.He fixed his eyes on the coin, turned it round, and looked at it again and again.He then looked around him on all sides, but no person was to be seen.He now put the money into his pocket, and continued to put on the other shoe; but his surprise was doubled on finding the other coin.His feelings overcame him.He fell upon his knees, looked up to heaven and cried a sincere thanksgiving, in which he spoke of his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread. He said the help would save them from dying.

      The student stood there, deeply affected, and his eyes filled with tears.“Now，” said the professor, “are you not much better pleased than if you had played your intended trick？”

      The youth replied, “You have taught me a lesson which I will never forget.”

How to Love Your Parents

            Even if you think that your parents are mean－spiritedat times，lovingyour parents is a normal and fulfilling part of life.You love them for the factthat they created you，raisedyou，andare in part a source of who you are.Here are some ways to love your parents.

A gentle “good morning” and “Ilove you” will warm a coldest heart.Remember that they brought you into thisworld.Without your parents，youmight still wander at an unknown corner in an unknown world.

             Respect them more and cherish these moments.You can use these moments to learn fromthem for when you're off on your own.It's OK to get angry but angry actionsdon't help you or your parents.Act calmly，cooloff, journal about your feelings，ortalk to a friend. Obey their requests.It will make your attitudebetter and earn you more respect from them.It may seem like you are goingthrough hell when you don't get what you want or you have to clean.However，you had better remember they keep aroof over your head when it's cold, raining，snowing，or too hot.Understand that parents arehuman beings and make mistakes..Since you can forgive your friends，why not forgive your parents?

Keepcompany with them.Do things with your parents like watching TV，or go somewhere with them. to their old stories and learn from them.You will find they are your teachersin this way or another.

Somepeople simply may not be able to love their parents. Seek help ifyou are being abused in any way.Parents do not have a right to harm you.