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  • 1. (2024高三下·广东月考) 阅读理解

    We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated (积累) over  thousands of years. Standing on the shoulders of great men, we don't have to experience endless trial and error, just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car. But where does our ability to learn from others come from?

    A study led by Markus Paulus, professor at Loyola Marymount University, shows that the ability has its roots in earliest childhood. "I's generally assumed that children's ability to imitate (模仿) is in born, but according to our observation, children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers. This interaction enables a cultural transfer of knowledge, which, through generations' efforts, consequently leads to the development of human beings," says Markus Paulus.

    In this research, Paulus recorded the interaction between mother and child over several months. The babies came into the lab for the first time at the age of 6 months, while their final visit was when they were 18 months old. As they engaged in various play situations, the interactions and imitations of mother and child were analyzed. The long-term study showed what the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six-month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby, the greater the child's overall ability was at the age of 18 months.

    Paulus' research shows that mutual imitation is the keystone of knowledge transfer, through which children successfully learn various skills, such as how to use objects, waving and acquisition of language. "This interaction is the nucleus of learning and, finally, gives rise to evolutionary success of human," says Paulus.

    "Culural learning is an essential part of human evolution, and it is rooted in the imitation of others, particularly oun caregivers during our earliest childhood," says Paulus. "Through this, we learn from each other and pass on knowledge to the next generation, so certain actions or techniques do not have to be constantly invented again."

    1. (1) Why does the author mention the example of wheels?
    2. (2) What can we learn about Paulus' research?
    3. (3) What does the underlined word "nucleus" mean in paragraph 4?
    4. (4) Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
  • 1. (2024高三下·广东月考) 阅读理解

    A Letter from Willa Cather to President TomaS Masaryk

    Honored Sir, 

    Your letter, sent to me through your Legation at Washington, confers upon me great honor and gives me great pleasure. I am glad to have carried a message from the Bohemian (波希米亚) neighbors, whom I grew up with, to their home country of the

    Czech Republic.

    I have just returned to New York, where I had the pleasure of taking Annie Pavelka, the living "Antonia" in my book My Antonia, and six of her children to the first screening of A Lost Lady. I have the good fortune to proserve relations with most of my characters. "Antonia" and her splendid children are flesh and blood realities. Every time I go back to them, I feel how much more interesting and lovable they are than my picture of them. I wish I could present them to you in person.

    I regret that I cannot satisfactorily meet your kind request for biographical (传记的) material. I avoid biographers, asking them to wait until I get my work further along. My first novel was published in 1912, and a period of twelve years is hardly long enough for a writer to find the form best suited for writing. I was not young when I began to write, and though living is a good preparation for writing, I do need more time to acquire a simple and modest way of presenting my work, however well I know what I wish to present.

    I am able to send you a very good photograph taken recently. I enclose a short biographical account which my publishers use for publicity purposes, and some casual reviews. Biographies usually begin to come along just about the time a writer has no more to say, and I do not feel that time has yet come to me.

    I beg you, President Masaryk, to believe in my grateful appreciation of your letter.

    Respectfully yours,

    Willa Cather

    1. (1) Who is Antonia?
    2. (2) What does the author need for a most suitable writing style according to paragraph 3?
    3. (3) What does writing a biography mean to the author according to paragraph 4?
    4. (4) What is the author's purpose in writing this letter?
  • 1. (2024高三下·广东月考) 阅读理解

    Welcome to WSU Libraries! In this guide, we'll unlock the mysteries of call numbers and location prefixes. Knowing these helps you quickly locate and access your desired

    Call Numbers

    Books and material are arranged on our shelves according to the Library of Congress (LC) classification system. These call numbers uniquely identify and organize items near other material on the same or similar subjects. Consider the call number: LB2395 C65 1991.

    ●LB defines the subject area. The call letters are typically arranged in alphabetical (字母的) order, starting from A and continuing through the alphabet. Knowing the letter(s) for your subject area gives you a place to start browsing the shelves. For example: A—Special request General Works; B—Special request Special request Philosophy, Psychology, Religion; D—Special request World History; G—Geography; H—Special request Social Sciences; J—Special request Political Science; K—Special request Law; L—Special request Education; M—Special request Music; N—Special request Arts; P—Special request Language and Literature; Q—Special request Science...For more, click here.

    ●2395 is the classification number, which further distinguishes the subject matter. Read as a whole number: 1, 2, 3, 45, 100, 2430...

    ●C65 is the Cutter number and usually represents the author's last name. Find C, then 

    65. Read the number as a decimal (小数).

    ●1991 is the year of publication.

    Location Prefixes

    Some call numbers have a location prefix. I ocation prefixes mean that the book or material is shelved in a special place, and may have loan restrictions. WSU uses the following prefixes:

    Prefix

    Collection

    Library Location

    Loan Period

    [Blank]

    Circulating Collection

    2nd floor, 3rd floor, and 4th floor

    21-day loan

    Ref

    Reference Collection

    1st floor, Reference Area

    Library-use only

    Res

    Reserve Collection

    1st floor, Circulation Area

    Library-use only

    Video

    Audiovisuals

    2nd floor, Learning Resources Center

    Special request

    1. (1) Which book may be identified under the call number "NU238 C719 2013"?
    2. (2) What would be he Cutler number if you are looking for a book by Whitney Sherman?
    3. (3) Where can you find the book "Res AG243 G87 1992"?
  • 1. (2024高一上·深圳期末)  阅读理解

    Imagine a dog you don't need to train. Instead, you can program it to do whatever you want. Now, you don't need to imagine it. Meet Spot, a dog-like robot from US company Boston Dynamics.

    In March, the Archaeological Park of Pompeii (庞贝考古公园) in Italy gave Spot a new job. Pompeii is a famous "time capsule (胶囊)" from the ancient world. Thousands of years ago, a nearby volcano covered the city in ash. Many people died, but the ash kept buildings safe until someone found it in 1748.

    So, what is Spot doing in Pompeii? It walks around the site with a 3D scanner (扫描仪). There are many narrow, underground tunnels in Pompeii. Thieves used the tunnels to steal things. The tunnels bring safety problems to the ancient buildings. Robot dogs are small enough to go through these tunnels and find any changes to the buildings.

    According to Gabriel Zuchtriegel, new director of the site, this is the first time anyone has used a robot to help protect an archaeological site. "It's a breakthrough and it would allow us to protect the ruins with greater speed and in total safety," said Zuchtriegel.

    Spot will also work with a 3D-scanning drone (无人机). The two tools will check the site regularly. They will look for any damage that may need a repair. As art magazine ART news said, Pompeii is turning into a "Smart Archaeological Park".

    1. (1)  What can we learn about the Archaeological Park of Pompeii from Paragraph 2?
    2. (2) What does the park use Spot to do?
    3. (3) What does Zuchtriegel think of Spot?
    4. (4) What can we learn from the story?
  • 1. (2024高一上·深圳期末)  阅读理解

    The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Minor Snow (小雪) refers to the time when it starts to snow, mostly in China's northern areas, and the temperature continues to drop.

    Here are four things you should know about Minor Snow.

    Wearing hats and scarves

    In China, starting in Minor Snow, the wind blows from the northeast a lot. Because it's still not bitterly cold, many people do not wear hats or scarves yet. In fact, according to an old Chinese saying, "The head is the place where all passages of the body gather". It's sensible to keep one's head warm.

    Drinking soup

    During Minor Snow, indoor heating begins to work, which means the air indoors is dry and most people might find their nose and mouth feels a bit dry. According to practices in traditional Chinese medicine, this accumulation of "inner heat" in one's body can cause problems, including oral ulcers and breakouts (口腔溃疡和破损). The solution is to drink more hot soup, such as cabbage and bean curd soup, spinach and bean curd soup, and mutton and radish soup.

    Making preserved pork

    After Minor Snow, the temperature declines sharply and the air becomes dry. It is the best time to start making preserved pork, which by the Chinese Spring Festival would be ready to enjoy. In the past, when storage conditions were poor, people developed many ways to store food and preserved pork is one such example. So even in the bitter winter, the whole family could enjoy meat. Some even say preserved pork tastes more delicious than fresh meat.

    Avoiding spicy food

    On cold days, people may crave some hot and spicy food to keep warm. Experts say it's wise not to eat overly spicy food, since that will increase your inner heat.

    1. (1) Which of the following can best describe Minor Snow?
    2. (2) Why do people drink soup during Minor Snow?
    3. (3) How to keep warm during Minor Snow?
  • 1. (2024高三下·贵阳月考)  阅读理解

    When delivering medications to patients, one of the most effective methods is direct injection (注射) into the bloodstream using a needle. But this can be an uncomfortable experience, especially for kids or adults with a fear of needles. While patients do have the option to take oral pills instead, drugs containing large molecules(分子) are not absorbed effectively this way. 

    Now, inspired by octopus suckers(章鱼吸盘), researchers from China and Switzerland have designed a needle-free alternative: a tiny, drug-filled, cup-like patch (贴片) that sticks to the inside of the cheeks. The device is easily accessible, and it can be removed at any time and the drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek, the team reports in a paper in Science Translational Medicine. 

    To test the design, the team 3D printed the suckers. They loaded each with the drug and stuck them inside the cheeks of three beagles, a kind of dog which has a similar inner cheek lining to humans. For comparison, they also delivered the drug to beagles via a pill. After three hours, the team found that drug blood concentrations in dogs with the patch were more than 150 times higher than in the dogs that took a tablet. They also found patches worked effectively for drugs with large molecules. 

    40 healthy human volunteers self-applied water-filled patches to see how well they would stay on while talking and moving their mouths. After 30 minutes, only five of the 40 patches had fallen off, which was because of improper placement. Most volunteers said they would prefer a patch over injections for daily applications. 

    Still, the team only tested the patch for a short time so they would need to find out what would happen if it was used repeatedly. They'd also need to determine which drugs would work with the technology: the target is large molecules, such as those used to treat obesity or osteoporosis, but they can't be too large to fit in the cup. 

    1. (1) Why do the researchers develop the patch?
    2. (2) What does the research on dogs prove?
    3. (3) Which of the following can best describe the device?
    4. (4) What does the last paragraph stress?
  • 1. (2024高一下·黄梅月考) 阅读理解

    It is no secret that China has an amazingly rich history and culture. My first exposure (接触) to Chinese culture came totally by chance. One day, I entered my grandfather's personal library and took a book named Tao Te Ching from one of the shelves. As an 8-year-old, the book's content completely confused me, but it provided me with an early connection to a beautiful and great philosophical (哲学的) tradition that still influences me today. 

    Around this time, I also came across several cartoons heavily inspired by traditional Chinese culture and martial arts such as Avatar: The Last Airbender and Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat. Both cartoons describe beautiful landscapes and buildings similar to those found in classical Chinese paintings. This further developed my love of the rich and beautiful culture. 

    At school I began studying Chinese. My interest in the language developed early on, combining my love of travelling with my love of meeting new people. Later on, my interest in the language developed into exploring widespread Chinese culture. I wanted to challenge myself in a totally new linguistic (语言的) landscape and listen to the lives and stories of others in their own language. I have been lucky enough to have lived in China for around three years. I loved every second I spent there and there is never a shortage of things to see and do, people to meet, and foods to enjoy. 

    It is safe to say that my journey to studying Chinese has only just begun and these first steps are only a drop in the ocean of lifelong learning, but as the Chinese philosopher Laozi says, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. " 

    1. (1) How does the author like the book Tao Te Ching?
    2. (2) What makes the author more interested in Chinese culture?
    3. (3) What can we learn from paragraph 3?
    4. (4) What is the best title for the text?
  • 1. (2024·湖北模拟) 阅读理解

    Despite its benefits, drinking milk into adulthood, let alone other animals' milk, is a strange behavior in the animal kingdom. What makes it even stranger is that an estimated 68 percent of the global human population is actually lactose (乳糖) intolerant. Scientists are still getting to the bottom of why the practice began and continued. This research could unlock new understandings of our food cultures and even our DNA.

    The earliest evidence of animal milk drinking dates back almost 

    9. 000 years to modern-day Turkey near the sea of Marmara. where milk fats have been found on ancient pottery. According to Jessica Hendy. a scientist at the University of York. then milk would have been part of a diverse diet for it was mixed with other food. From its origins, the technology of making use of milk spread into the Caucasus and then across Europe. By the Bronze Age, people may have been using cow's milk to feed their babies.

    For a long time, researchers believed that milk drinking changed as a cultural practice hand in hand with the spread of genetic mutations (变异) that allowed people to tolerate milk into adulthood. But one recent finding suggests milk drinking occurred before these mutations and might not even require them. In Europe. people appear to have been drinking milk for thousands of years before any genetic ability to drink milk became common. The ancient cheese making equipment might offer part of the solution: Fermenting (发酵) milk into yogurt. cheese, or other products reduces the amount of lactose. In Mongolia. researchers have not yet found a genetic mutation that allows people to digest lactose, despite the major role of milk in that culture. So some scientists held that there might be other potential factors helping. 

    What we do know about the history of milk reveals how wrong-headed one-size-fits-all nutritional guidance can be. In modern America. milk drinking has been presented as a universal good. In reality, how milk is prepared can change the nutritional picture, and how much our bodies process depends, at least in part. on our own genes.

    1. (1) What can we learn about milk drinking from paragraph 2?
    2. (2) Why does the author mention Europe in paragraph 3?
    3. (3) What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
    4. (4) Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
  • 1. (2024·湖北模拟) 阅读理解

    Whether you are a lifelong bookworm or are trying to develop a love for reading in your kids, the 2024 Miami Book Fair is for you. 

    • When and Where Is the Fair?

    This much-loved South Florida event will be held from May 12 to 18, 2024 at the MDC Wolfson Campus Plaza in Downtown Miami. 

    • What to Expect at the Fair?

    This year, the fair will feature more than 400 celebrated authors from around the world. There will be a rich collection of writers and their works of almost every type under the sun. Readers can not only explore arts and crafts, but also experience face painting and book giveaways. For green writers, it's a place to connect with their favorite editors. For book lovers, it's an opportunity to get autographs (亲笔签名) from many popular authors and ask them some questions. During this week-long book feast, you will find a group of events running from morning to night.

    • How Much Does the Fair Cost?

    On Friday. the fair is free. On Saturday or Sunday, it is 10 for an adult for one day, or you can get a two-day pass for $ 15. Kids under age 12 can attend for free and the kid aged 13-18 is $5 per day. 

    So mark your calendars, head to Downtown Miami, and enjoy yourself in the heart of the city's literary scene.

    1. (1) What can visitors do at the fair?
    2. (2) How much should a couple with two kids under 12 pay for the Sunday fair?
    3. (3) What is the purpose of the text?
  • 1. (2024高二下·怀仁月考) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    What do North Carolina' s red wolves, the Eurasian beaver and Przewalski' s horse have in common?

    All of them went extinct in the wild and all of them came back, thanks to reintroduction pro-grams.

    Conservation scientists use translocation and captive breeding(圈养繁殖) to re-establish animal populations that have died out in the wild--either entirely or in certain areas. Reintroducing extinct-in-the-wild animals to their native territories can be a double win: helping to restore dam-aged ecosystems, as well as increasing population numbers.

    But setting a species loose in the wild is a risky balancing act. Reintroductions often take years and involve multiple stages. Before bringing back a species, conservationists have to evaluate the threat level—both to and from the animal—and the role it played in the ecosystem. In places where wild populations have died out more recently, there' s a better chance of success. The less time that has passed, the more likely that environment is the same as when the species went ex-tinct. But scientists still need to address the reason why it went extinct in that environment to be-gin with.

    Reintroduced animals can have a positive impact on the landscape, but how fast this happens depends on the type of animal and how damaged the environment is. Herbivores(食草动物) can make a significant change relatively quickly, while predators tend to be reintroduced slowly and carefully. Although they can be useful for managing pest species, conservationists have to ensure they don' t overhunt or threaten other vulnerable animals.

    A 2020 study highlighted species reintroduction as one of the most effective ways to save endangered animals. The study estimates that conservation action between 1993 and 2020 saved up to 48 species of birds and mammals from extinction, and that the rate of extinction would have been three to four times higher, during that period, without those efforts.

    1. (1) What are the reintroduction programs aimed at?
    2. (2) What does the underlined word " that"  in paragraph 4 refer to?
    3. (3) Which of the following may affect the rate of environmental restoration?
    4. (4) What' s the purpose of the text?
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